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Œy9Mt풍?KDk =D<L F2[hn8+kAYCN!zI{ߚLV>M wtݷz D)&^chס;^~Q7 !h-~F ثsuqͦsn@nj^'=s= c@,cO#C;ѷ^^8nA{s _yP 'Sb#\UN% %s 0(y ^ w 4   m  0-l 0-D \ 0NKL..zD 0D2DM A  p!U*3"]" 0Ds" 0K" D-#h/##@^$t$h)%oI4%yYrSZpZp5[ H bc h.N AH@ MUBoI4pNOB8888zU Nhdd(D  Q}Dhaf  B!!>!!"d#\\192.168.0.8\HP LaserJet 3150,,,,0&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX($D10 A0Backup3|xU  $    38    _Ԁ_INA_Ԁ274B,8_USC_Ԁ1324b.((3$ !      0  (#$  0     $    40    _Ԁ_INA_Ԁ274B(a)(6),seealso,U.S.v._Strano_,5_OCAHO_Ԁ748(Mar28,1995)(finein  excessof$100,000),andU.S.v._Lasa_ԀMarketingFirms,1_OCAHO_Ԁ106(Nov.27,1989)(finding  thatknowingdiscriminationincludesfailuretoexercisereasonablecaretoacquireknowledgeof  legalsignificanceofimmigrationrelatedemploymentdocumentsandtoconductemployment t practicesinafairandconsistentmanner).(O$ u  $    44    _AmericanCompetitivenessandWorkforceImprovementActof1998(_ACWIA_),as e interpretedbytheDepartmentofLaborsregulations.65Fed.Reg.80232(December20,2000). Q Undertheregulation,whichprovidedsomerelieffromtheaheavyburdenofrefilingallH1Bin = mergercases,thenewemployingentitymustmaintainalistoftheH1Bnonimmigrants ) transferredtoeach,andeachpublicaccessfilemustmaintain(1)alistofeffected_LCAs_Ԁand  datesofcertification;(2)adescriptionofthenewemployersactualwagesystemapplicableto   affectedH1Bnonimmigrants;(3)the_EIN_Ԁofthenewemployer;(4)aswornstatementbythe    authorizedrepresentativeofthenewemployingentityexpresslyacknowledgingsuchentitys  assumptionofallobligations,liabilitiesandundertakingsarisingfromormadeineachcertified   andstilleffective_LCA_Ԁfiledbythepredecessorentity.Thenewemployermustexplicitlyagree   to(1)abidebytheDOLH1Bregulationsapplicabletothe_LCAs_;(2)maintainacopyofthe   statementinthepublicaccessfile;and(3)makethedocumentavailabletoanymemberofthe   publicorthegovernmentuponrequest. e  B '  _EX`XXXImmigrationIssuesforEmployers  By:_Mira_Ԁ_Mdivani_  www.uslegalimmigration.com  June4,2004#XXXEX`+#  $    2    _WashingtonPost,April25,2001,quotingtheINSspokeswomanKaren_Kraushaar_.   $    28    _See,Cooperv.Fed.ReserveBankofRichmond,467U.S.867(1984);U.S.v._Mayton_,  335F.2d153(5thCir.1964);U.S.v._DavCo_ԀFood,Inc.,CaseNo.8800253A(E.D.Va.1988)  (chargedwithpatternandpracticewhereseventeenemployeeswerearrestedintwoof106  Wendysrestaurantsownedbythecompany);U.S.v._Chauvin_,CaseNo.88000236A(E.D.Va. t Oct.4,1988)(chargingcompanyofficialsunder18_USC_Ԁ1546(b)andtheattorney,basedon ` strictliabilitytheoryof_INA_Ԁ_210(b)(7)(A)(ii))._(3$ !        $    29    _InadditiontochargingTysonFoods,Inc.,theindictmentincludedtwocorporate  executives,aformerHumanResourcesmanager,andseveralotherformermanagersofthe  company.U.S.DepartmentofJustice,PressRelease#654(December19,2001).TysonFoods  vigorouslydeniedthecharges.OnApril20,2002,TheNewYorkTimesreportedthatoneofthe t formerTysonFoodsmanagers,thirtysixyearoldJimmyRoland,whowasfreedon$100,000 ` bond,wasfoundwithagunshotwoundinhischest.Asuicideissuspected.Mr.Rowlandwasto L  standtrialinFebruaryof2003.Hewasallegedlytoldbyprosecutorsthathismaximumpossible 8  sentencewouldbe395yearsinprison.http://www.uslegalimmigration.com !" 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" p  "?    )9pC )9)9(9)2  !!!"""###$$$%%%&&&'''((()))***+++,,,---...///000111222333444555666777888999:::;;;<<<===>>>???@@@AAABBBCCCDDDEEEFFFGGGHHHIIIJJJKKKLLLMMMNNNOOOPPPQQQRRRSSSTTTUUUVVVWWWXXXYYYZZZ[[[\\\]]]^^^___```aaabbbcccdddeeefffggghhhiiijjjkkklllmmmnnnooopppqqqrrrssstttuuuvvvwwwxxxyyyzzz{{{|||}}}~~~\\\3&&&&&&&&&\&\i&\\wii&&&&&&&&&&&\\&&&&&&\&&&&3&&&&&&&&&\&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&N&&&&&&&&&3&&&&&&&3&&&&w&&&&3&&&&&&&&&&&\&N&&&\&&&&&&&A&w&&\&&&&&&&&&&&&&w&&&&&&N&&&3&&&&&&&N&&&&&&&&&&&&\&&&\&&w&&&&&&&\&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&w&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\&&&&&&&&&&&&&\&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&3&&&&&&\&i&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\&i&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&N&&&&&&&&A&&&&&&&&N&&&&&&&&&\&&&&&\&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\&&&&&&&w\&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&3&&&&&\\\&&N&&\A&&&&\3&3\\&&&&w\\&N\\i&&\3&&&&&&\\\\3\\&&i\\i&AN&&\\&&A\&&\\&&A&&w&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\\i&&\؂ffffffffffffffffffffffff?&&&\&&&&\&&&\3&&&&&&&\3&&&&&&ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff?O&&&\&&&&\&&&\&&&&N&&&&&&&&&&&&ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffOOo&&&\&&&&\&&&\&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffO&&&\&&&&\&&&\&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff/o?O&&&\&&&&\&&&\3&&&i\&&&&&&&&N&&&ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff&&&\&&&&\&&&\&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff/OϿ?_o?&&&&&&&&&\&&&&\&&&&&&&&\&&&&&&&&&3&&&fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff?_O??&&&&&&&&&\&&&&\&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\&&&&&&&fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff__&&&&&&&&&\&&&&\&&&\&&&&N&&&&&&&&&&&&&&ffffffffffffffffffffffffffff_/o/&&&\&&&&\&&&\&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffo&&&\&&&&\&&&\&&&&&&&&&&N&&&&&&&ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffo__&&&\&&&&\&&&\&&&&&&&&&&&w&&&&&iffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff/O/&&&&&&&&&\&&&&\&&&&&&&&&&\N&&&&&&&&&&ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff&&&&&&&&&\&&&&\&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff/&&&&&&&&&\&&&&\&&&&&&&&&&&&&3&&&&ffffffffffffffff؂ff 88XXdXXd8   $    35    _ԚDeborahBakerandRichard_Eneyart_Ԁv._IBP_,Inc.,Nos023967&024065(7thCir.Feb  4,2004).+sB AZ6Franklin Gothic Medium    ^  $    34    _Id.  $    33    _Mendozav._Zirkle_ԀFruitCo.,301F.3d1163(2002).   $    3    _Acaseonpointisthe_shortage_ԀofnursesinUnitedStates:manyhospitalsarestruggling  torecruitenoughqualifiednursestotakecareoftheirpatients.AstudypublishedintheMay  2002issueofNewEnglandJournalofMedicinedeterminedthatwhentheratioofnursesto  patientswaslow,deathrateswere2.5timeshigherthaninhospitalswherethenursetopatient t ratiowashigh.TheAmericanNursingAssociationcurrentlyestimatesthatapproximately ` 126,000nursingjobsarevacantintheUnitesStates.Ratherthanputupwiththeincreasedrisk L  ofdeathtotheirpatients,manyhospitalsseektoobtainimmigrantvisasforqualifiedforeign 8  nursestoaddressthiscatastrophicshortage.   $    4    _Administrator,Wage&HourDivisionv.Mohan_Kutty_,M.D.etal,CaseNos2001_LCA_Ԅ  00010to00025(Oct.9,2002).Inthatcase,aphysicianbusinessownerwhosponsored  temporaryH1Bworkvisasforforeignphysicians,wasorderedtopayoveronemilliondollarsin  backpaytotheworkersandinpenaltiesforviolationsofimmigrationlaw.Notetwointeresting t facts:(1)theemployerhadaninhouselawyerwhofailedtomakesurethatthecompany ` compliedwiththelaw;and(2)averygoodimmigrationlawyerretainedbyoneoftheforeign L  physicianstoworkonhisH1Bvisa,advisedthecompany,inwriting,outofthepurekindnessof 8  hisheart,oftheneedtocomplywiththelaw.Theemployerdisregardedthisadvice.Thecourt $ t notonlyfoundthebusinessliable,butinaddition,piercedthecorporateveilandmadethe  ` businessownerpersonallyresponsiblefordamagesintheamountof$1,000,000.00inthiscase.   $    8    _8_CFR_Ԁ274a1(g).Employeralsoincludes anagentoranyoneactingdirectlyor  indirectlyintheinterestofthepersonorentitywho engagestheservicesorlaborofan  employee...forwagesorotherremuneration.Theregulationwasupheldin_U.S_Ԁv.Wrangler  CountyCaf,1_OCAHO_Ԁ138(Mar6,1990),_affd_Ԁsubnom.,_Steiben_Ԁv.INS,932F2d1225_(8th_ t Cir.1991),wheretheownerofthecorporationunsuccessfullysoughtdismissalofhimself ` becausehiscorporationwasadefendant.  $    9    _IraJ._Kurzban_,ImmigrationLaw_Sourcebook_,7thedition,at694. G  $    1    _ԀAmemberoftheAmericanImmigrationLawyersAssociation,Attorney_Mira_Ԁ_Mdivani_Ԁ  emphasizestheuseofimmigrationlawforthebenefitofbusinessesandindividualsbymakingit  apartofanoverallbusinessdevelopmentandriskmanagementstrategy.Herareasofexpertise  includeemployersimmigrationlawcomplianceplans,I9audits,managementandHRtraining t onimmigrationissues,workvisasforexecutives,managers,professionalsandessentialworkers, ` employment-basedpermanentresidency,andimmigration-relatedissuesraisedinthecontextof L  corporatechanges.Inaddition,sheadvisesfamilieswithimmigrantmembersontheissuesof 8  permanentresidencyandnaturalization.Ms._Mdivani_ԀisamemberofKansasandMissouriBars. $ t Ms._Mdivani_ԀhasbeeninvitedtopresentonbusinessimmigrationlawissuesbytheKansasCity  ` MetropolitanBarAssociation,KansasBarAssociation,KansasWomenAttorneysAssociation,  L  andtheNationalBusinessInstitute.Ms._Mdivani_Ԁisarecognizedexpertoftenquotedinthe  8  mediawhenimmigrationlawandpolicyareaddressed.Ms._Mdivani_ԀchairstheProBono $  ServiceCommitteeoftheMissouri-KansasChapteroftheAmericanImmigrationLawyers   Association.SheservesontheBoardofDirectorsofTheAssociationforWomenLawyersof   GreaterKansasCity.  $    10    __INA_Ԁ274A(a)(1)(A)and(h)(3),8_USC_Ԁ1324a(a)(1)(A),(h)(3).  $    11    __Mester_ԀMfg.Co.v.INS,879F.2d561,56667(9thCir.1989).  $    12    _U.S.v.BuckinghamLimitedPartnership,1_OCAHO_Ԁ151(Apr.6,1990).  $    13    _8_CFR_Ԁ_274a.(1)(1)._ ^  $    14    _Id.  $    15    _8_CFR_Ԁ_274a.1(1)(2)._  $    16    __INA_Ԁ274A(a)(1)(B),8_USC_Ԁ_1324a(a)(1)(B)._  $    17    __Mester_ԀMfg.Co.v.INS,879F.2d561,_(9th_ԀCir.1989).  $    18    _8_CFR_Ԁ274a.2(b)(1)(_i_).  $    19    __INA_Ԁ274B(a)(6),8_CFR_Ԁ1324(b)(a)(6).  $    20    _8_CFR_Ԁ_274a.2(b)(1)(vii)._ d  $    21    _18_USC_Ԁ_1546(b)._  $    22    _18_USC_Ԁ1001.  $    23    __INA_Ԁ274A(e)(4);28_CFR_Ԁ_68.52._   $    24    __INA_Ԁ274A(e)(5),8_CFR_._274a.10(b)(2);_ԀU.S.v.Felipe,Inc.(Forthegoodfaith  defense,itisnecessarytodemonstrate honestintentiontoexercisereasonablecareanddiligence  toascertainwhat_IRCA_Ԁrequiresandtoactinaccordancewithit.)Seealso,U.S.v.GreatBend   PackingCo.,Inc.,6_OCAHO_Ԁ835(Feb.13,1996)( Goodfaithisdeterminedbythecompanys E  actionsatthetimeoftheviolationsandnotwillingnesstocooperatesubsequentto 1  investigation.(Emphasisadded).Id.at6. !  _TRX3'LetterX3' Letter3'LetterX3' Letter3'LetterT =XCXXXFOYO''@Z =X=XC  WICHITABARASSOCIATIONCLE#=XCX=#   =|X=XCIMMIGRATIONISSUES R IN   BUSINESS j  &EMPLOYMENTLAW#=XCX=|##XXX=XC# n  XX#XX䤐#EX`XXXE c XEX`Presentedby_Mira_Ԁ_Mdivani_ 0 w9:C3/b~0_#  `<@E_# #  Pw (#(# (#(##EX`X E c#E2; XEX`4 ?O  5  www.uslegalimmigration.com6qO  7  p! (913)3176200 " #EX`X E2;R#E c XEX`#EX`X E c#E2; XEX`# E2;#='8 #=XCX ='8#='8 X=XCJune4,2004#=XCX ='8W#='8 X=XC# ='8#E2;  *D&  (-x( @Z @8XXdd8 @  _# E2;##XX䤥#__=XCXXX= X=XCIMMIGRATION_ԀISSUES  INBUSINESS&EMPLOYMENTLAW#E  = ##XX E5 #E XX=  EԀ#E  = ##XX E #  Z ___XX='8 Presented_Ԁby# ='8 #='8  P ___ #=XCX ='8 ##XXX=XC6 #EX`XXXE c XEX`Mira_ԀA._Mdivani_ _Q  #  1      _  #   E c ##XX  #  XXE c    l  w9%C3/b~0 #  `<@E  # #  ]w (#(#_#   E cV ##XX  7 # __ ___ @`  @  (#(# @`  @ Immigrationisamysteryandamasteryofobfuscation,and    @`  @ thelawyerswhocanfigureitoutareworththeirweightingold._d  #  2      _   _Table_ԀofContents   __Ԁ0 @` @ I. @` Introduction l II.0 @` ExposuretoCivilandCriminalLiabilityfor KnowinglyHiringUndocumented D WorkersandUseofRICOtoAttackBusinesses 0   l FOY F F  _0 @` 0@ ` (#` (# @` A. @ Whatistheoffense? KnowinglyhiringworkersnotauthorizedtoworkintheUnited h  States T   @` B.0 @ Knowinglyincludes constructiveknowledge,e.g.turningablindeye @"  ,   @` C.0 @ TheIssuesofContractors:employersmaybeheldliableunderRICOforcontractors  failuretocomplywithimmigrationlaw( theyarenotmyworkersdefensenolonger  available) t  @`  @` D.0 @ FurtherUseofRICO!RecentCaseLaw L   @` E.0 @ NoteonEmployment/LaborRightsandUnfairImmigrationRelatedEmployment $  Practices x   @`  @  @  @h III. @` SocialSecurityMismatchLetters ConstructiveKnowledge? P  IV. @` TaxReportingViolations ConstructiveKnowledge? (  @`  @ V. @` Solution:CompanyImmigrationCompliancePlans  Ѐ   @` A.0 @ AFourPartPlanExample p  @`  @ 1.0 @ AnnualI9Audits H  @`  @  @`  @ 2.0 @ Executive,ManagementandHRTraining    @`  @  @ a.0 @h WhoisauthorizedtoworkintheUS `!  @`  @  @ b.0 @h HowtofillandupdateI9s L"  @`  @  @ c.0 @h Howtouseexistingworkvisastoaddresslaborshortages 8#  @`  @  @ d.0 @h Immigrationcomplianceinmergers&acquisitions $$  @`  @  @  @`  @ 3.0 @ Ticklersystemtoreverifyemploymentauthorizationiftimelimited %  @`  @ 4.0 @ Revisionofagreementswithcontractorstoprotectbusinessesfromliabilityfor 'l! contractorspossibleviolationsofimmigrationlaw @!  @!  (X" VI.0 @` Conclusion *0!$ _@@- +"% ___________________________________________________________________ h  I.0 @` Introduction     @ Immigrationlawisatwoedgedsword:itmaybethekeytoabusinesssuccessandsurvivalL  #  3      ,or ` itmaybringthebusinessanditsownerstotheirknees.M  #  4      ׀ L   @ Tosomebusinesses,immigrationlawmayappeartobeirrelevantandremote( Wedonot $  sponsoranyforeignworkers.)Itmayalsoappearrelativelysimple,( Itisjustfillingoutthe x  forms.)However,tobusinessimmigrationlawyerswhopracticeinthisareaonadailybasis,it d  isapparentthatnothingcanbefurtherfromthetruth.Thefollowingexample,givenwithalldue P  respecttoourSupremeCourt,demonstrateshoweventhehighestcourtofthisland,whenfaced <  withanimmigrationissue,doesnotexactly nailit: (    @ Onthefinaldayofthehearing,Castrotestifiedthathewasbornin h   @ Mexicoandthathehadneverbeenlegallyadmittedto,orauthorized T   @ toworkin,theUnitedStates...NeitherCastronortheBoardsGeneral @   @ CounselofferedanyevidencethatCastrohadappliedorintendedto ,   @ applyforlegalauthorizationtoworkintheUnitedStates.Basedonthis    @ testimony,theALJ[administrativelawjudge]foundtheBoardprecluded   @ fromawardingCastrobackpayorreinstatement...  #  5      ׀(Emphasisadded).   @ ObviouslyourChiefJusticethinksthatthereexistsalegalprocessthroughwhichthe ` undocumentedworkerinthiscasecouldhaveappliedforlegalauthorizationtoworkinthe L  UnitedStates.Basedonlogicandintuition,theneedsofoureconomyandourcountrysrespect 8  forthelaw,thereshouldbesuchaprocess,right?Well,inthisparticularcase,likeinmany $  others,ourlawsimplydoesnotprovideanylegalwayforsuchworkersto applyforlegal x  authorization.Thisisaproblemforbothworkersandbusinesses.InhisJanuary7,2004 d  speech,PresidentBushacknowledgedthatourimmigrationlawfailstoprovidewhatisnecessary P  toresolvetheissueoflegalemploymentofforeignworkersforjobsnotfilledbyU.S.workers. <  Healsoproposedaguestworkerprogram.Suchaprogramwouldallowworkerstostepoutof ( theshadowsandbecomeworkauthorizedthroughtemporaryvisas,andwillallowU.S.  businessestolegallyemploynecessaryworkerswithoutfearofgoingtojailorforfeitingtheir  assets.Itis,however,unclearwhetherthePresidentsproposalswilleverbecomelaw,andwhat  shapeitwilltake.Meanwhile,wemustadviseourclientsonhowtocomplywithexisting p immigrationlawwhileaddressingtheirlaborshortagesintheatmosphereofincreasedanti \ immigrantsentimentsandimmigrationenforcement. H  @ IfourSupremeCourtChiefJusticefailedtograsptheextenttowhichourimmigrationlawfails   bothemployeesandemployers,whatcanpossiblybeexpectedofemployerswhoseprimary t  focusisnotnecessarilyonstudyingthe quakingquagmiresofimmigrationlaw?Itis `! unfortunatethatneithertheChiefJusticenorhisclerksfounditnecessarytoconsultwithan L" immigrationlawyerwhilewritingthistrulyamazingopinion.However,thisoptionisalways 8# opentolawyersadvisingemployersaswellasexecutives,managers,andHRpersonnelwhose $$ freedomandlivelihoodisonthelinebecausefrustratedgovernmentofficials,togetherwithanti % immigrantactivists,useRacketeeringandInfluencedOrganizationAct(RICO)togoafterU.S. % businessesinanattemptto clearthiscountryofundocumentedimmigrants. &   @ II.0 @` ExposuretoCivilandCriminalLiabilityfor KnowinglyHiringUndocumentedWorkersand (X" UseofRICOtoAttackBusinesses )D # Ї  0 @ 0@` (#(# @ A. @`  Whatistheoffense? h   @  @` KnowinglyhiringworkersnotauthorizedtoworkintheUnitedStates  X   @ TheImmigrationReformandControlAct(IRCA)5  #  6      ׀makesitillegalforanemployertohire, 0  recruitorreferforafeesomeonenotauthorizedtoworkintheUnitedStates.6|  #  7      ׀Thestatute   coversemployerswhoarenaturalpersonsandbusinessentities.N0  #  8      ׀Successoremployerswho  retainapredecessorsemployeesareeitherresponsibleforexecutingnewI9sorareliablefor  predecessorsfailuretocompleteordefectivecompletionofI9s.P   #  9      ׀Anemployerviolatesthe x ImmigrationandNaturalizationActwhen: d  @ (i) @` Itemploysanalienknowingthatthealienisnotauthorizedtobe @x  @  @  @` employedunderthe <  ImmigrationandNaturalizationActorbyAttorney (   @  @` General.R4   #  10       |   @ (ii) @` Itcontinuestoemployanalienknowingthatthealienhasbecomeunauthorized. T   @ Wheretheemployerisinformedthattheemployeeisormaybeunauthorizedtoworkbythe , government,itmustinquirefurtherbecauseitisonconstructivenoticeofunlawful  employment.S   #  11      ׀ Actualknowledgeisnotrequired,the shouldhaveknownstandardis   appliedwheretheemployerfailstoverifyandreverifytheemployeesstatustodetermine  thecontinuingvalidityoftheemployeesemploymentauthorization.T  #  12      Theapplicable h   governmentregulationadoptsabroadviewinitsdefinitionof knowingasincluding notonly X  actualknowledge,butalsoknowledgewhichmaybefairlyinferredthroughnoticeofcertain D  factsandcircumstanceswhichwouldleadaperson,throughtheexerciseofreasonablecare,to 0  knowaboutacertaincondition.U|  #  13      ׀ UnderINSregulations,knowledgemaybeinferred   wheretheemployerfailstocompleteorimproperlycompletesanI9;hasinformation   availabletoitthattheindicatedemployeeisnotauthorizedtowork;oractswithreckless  disregardbypermittinganotherindividualtointroduceunauthorizedworkerstothework | force .V0  #  14      ׀However,knowledgecannotbeinferredfromanemployeesforeignappearanceor h accent.W  #  15       X   @ (iii) @` TheImmigrationandNationalityActisviolatedwheretheemployerfailsto @  @` complywiththe 0  IRCAimposedverificationsystem.X  #  16      ׀    @ UnderIRCA,theemployermustattestunderpenaltyofperjuryonINSFormI9thatan \  employeeproducedeitherdocumentsestablishingbothemploymentauthorizationandidentityor H  separatedocumentsshowingemploymentauthorizationandestablishingidentity.Itisthe 4 employer,andnottheemployee,whoisliableforanydefectsinthecompletionofsection1and   defectsinthecompletionandaccuracyofsection2ofFormI9.YL   #  17      ׀Theexaminationand   verificationofdocumentsshouldtakeplacewithinthreedaysofthehiringdate.Z   #  18      ׀While  demandingcompliance,IRCAatthesametimeprohibitstheemployerfromrequiringor | specifyingwhichdocumentsanindividualistopresent.Thiswouldconstituteaviolationofthe h UnfairImmigrationEmploymentPracticesprovision.[   #  19      ׀EmployersmustretainI9sforthree T '    yearsafterthedateofhiringorreferraloroneyearaftertheworkersemploymentisterminated, E  whicheverislater.IfaworkersemploymentauthorizationexpiresortheINSinformsthe 1  employerthattheauthorizationisnotsufficient,theemployermustreverifytheI9orbeon   noticethatthepersonisnoteligibleforemployment.\  #  20      ׀Itisimportanttonotethatfalse   attestationsonFormI9areaseparatecriminaloffense.^|  #  21      ׀Inaddition,itmaybetreatedasa   crimeofmisrepresentationtofederalofficers._0  #  22           @  @` CivilPenaltiesforI9Violations  t  @  @` CivilpenaltiesunderIRCAforemployinganunauthorizedalien(excludingI9paperwork L  violations)include: }8   @  @` Firstoffense: @  @h $275.00to$2,220.00for each alien; U   @  @` Secondoffense: @h $2,200.00to$5,500.00for each alien; 1   @  @` Subsequentoffenses: @h $3,300.00to$11,000.00for each alien.`  #  23          @ Inaddition,finesmaybeimposedforI9paperworkviolations,i.e.failuretofilloutand  maintainI9scorrectly,intheamountsof$110.00to$1,100.00for each I9form.   @   @` B.0 @ KnowinglyIncludes ConstructiveKnowledge  l  @ Defensesandmitigatingcircumstancesmayinclude:thesizeoftheemployer,goodfaithofthe D employer,seriousnessoftheviolation,employeeinfactbeingauthorizedtowork,andany u0 historyofpreviousviolationsbythesameemployer.a  #  24      ׀PleasecontrastthiswiththeINS a  '     regulationdescribedaboveandunderstandthat goodfaithdoesnotequal turningablindeye, E  i.e. Actualknowledgeofunauthorizedemploymentisnotrequired,the shouldhave 1  knownstandardisappliedwheretheemployerfailstoverifyandreverifytheemployees !  statustodeterminethecontinuingvalidityoftheemployeesemploymentauthorization.$T  #  25      ׀   Theapplicablegovernmentregulationadoptsabroadviewinitsdefinitionof knowing   asincluding notonlyactualknowledge,butalsoknowledgewhichmaybefairlyinferred   throughnoticeofcertainfactsandcircumstanceswhichwouldleadaperson,throughthe  exerciseofreasonablecare,toknowaboutacertaincondition.&  #  26      󀀀 UnderINSregulation, x  knowledgemaybeinferredwheretheemployerfailstocompleteorimproperlycompletes h anI9;hasinformationavailabletoitthattheindicatedemployeeisnotauthorizedto T  work;oractswithrecklessdisregardbypermittinganotherindividualtointroduce @  unauthorizedworkerstotheworkforce. '  #  27      ׀ q,   @ Inaddition,businessesshouldbeawarethatafederalcontractormayloseitsrighttodobusiness M  withthefederalgovernmentforIRCAviolationsunderExecutiveOrder12989(Feb.13,1996). 9   @  @` EmployersCriminalLiability    @  @` Criminalpenalties,includingupto$3,000and/orsixmonthsinjail,maybeimposedunder8  CFR274a.10ifa patternandpracticeofIRCAviolationsisfound.p   #  28      ׀Itisalsoacriminal  offense,under8USC1325a(a)(3)(A),carryingapenaltyofuptofiveyearsinjailfor any | personwhoduringatwelvemonthperiodknowinglyhiresforemploymentatleastten E  individualswithactualknowledgethattheseindividualsarenotauthorizedtoworkandwhere 1  suchindividualswerebroughttotheU.S.inviolationof18U.S.C.1324.Theselawswereused   bytheDepartmentofJusticetofileafederalsuitintheU.S.DistrictCourtfortheEastern   DistrictofTennesseeagainstTysonFoods,Inc.,theworldslargestproducerofpoultryproducts,   forallegedparticipationinaschemetosmuggleandemployillegalaliens.InDecemberof   2001,thechargesresultedintheGrandJurysthirtysixcountindictmentagainstthecompanys  executivesandmanagers.  #  29      ׀INSCommissionerJamesZiglarsaidintheDepartmentofJustice t ReleaseonDecember19,2001: ` 0 @ 0@` (#(# ThiscaserepresentsthefirsttimeINShastakenactionagainst }8  0 @ 0@` (#(#acompanyofTysonsmagnitude.INSmeansbusinessandcompanies,regardlessofsize,areon i$  noticethattheINSiscommittedtoenforcing U   @  @` compliancewithimmigrationlaws... A   @ Eventually,someoftheaccusedinthiscasepleadedguiltyinreturnforlightsentencesand   testifiedagainsttheirinterestsandagainstthecompany.However,thejuryinthiscaseacquitted  boththecompanyandtheremainingdefendants.Iguessthegovernmentdidnotarguea  persuasivecaseandthejurydecidedthattheywouldratherhaveundocumentedworkerscuttheir  chickenthanhavenochickenorawfullyexpensivechicken.   @ Whowasthenextbigtargetchosenbythegovernment?InOctober2004,theICE \ (ImmigrationsEnforcementHand)raidedWalMartstoresinseveralstatesandarrestedover H 200undocumentedworkers.Inanexpectedscenario,thegovernmentthenraidedWalMarts y4 headquartersandremovedboxesofdocumentsfromitsoffices.Thefederalindictmentfor e  violationsofIRCAandRICOfollowedseveralweekslater,and,ofcourse,acivilclassactionby Q  thecompanysworkersfollowedveryshortly.ThisisallhappeningwhileWalMartsaidthatit =! hadnoknowledgeoftheviolations,andthatthearrestedundocumentedworkerswerenot )" employedbythecompany,butwereinfact,acontractorsemployees.Letuslookatthelaw # thatmadethismesspossible. E   @  @  @`  CivilLiabilityforSubstantiveViolations:UseofRICOinClassActionLaw @  @` SuitsAgainst   EmployersTheCommercialCleaningCase     @ TheSecondCircuitFederalCourtofAppealsrecentdecisioninCommercialCleaningServices,   L.L.Cv.ColinServiceSystems,Inc.*  #  30      ׀mayhaveopenedthedoortoanewkindofliability,i.e.  trebledamagesunderRICOfor knowinglyemployingworkerswhoarenotauthorizedtowork t intheUnitedStates.CommercialCleaningServices,L.L.C.( Commercial),asmallcleaning ` servicescompany,togetherwithsimilarfirms,filedaclassactionlawsuitagainstColinService L  Systems,Inc.( Colin),oneofthenationslargestcorporationsengagedinthebusinessof }8  cleaningcommercialfacilities.TheclassactioncomplaintallegedthatCommercialandthe i$  membersoftheplaintiffclassarevictimsofColinspatternofracketeeringactivityinviolation U  of18USC1962(c),referredtoasthe illegalimmigranthiringscheme.Thetheoryofthecase A  wasthatColinobtainedasignificantbusinessadvantageoverthefirmsinthe highly -  competitiveandpricesensitivecleaningserviceindustrybyhiring hundredsofillegal   immigrantsatlowwages.ThecomplaintallegedthatCommerciallostitslucrativecleaning  contractwithPratt&WhitneybecauseofColinsillegalimmigranthiringscheme.The  complaintreferredtothehiringofatleastonehundredandfiftyundocumentedworkers,  continuingtoemployaliensaftertheirworkauthorizationhadexpired,andfailingtoprepare,  complete,andupdateemploymentdocuments.TheallegationsassertedthatColinwaspartofan p enterprisecomposedofentitiesassociatedinfactthatincludedemploymentplacementservices, \ laborcontractors,newspapersinwhichColinadvertisedforlaborers,andothers.Thecomplaint H allegedthatColinsparticipationintheenterprisethroughtheillegalimmigranthiringscheme y4 violated8USC1324(a),whichprohibitshiringcertainundocumentedaliens,andwhichisa e  RICOpredicateoffenseifcommittedforfinancialgain. Q   @ TheSecondCircuitreversedthelowercourtsdecisiontodismisstheclaimandallowedtheclass )" actiontogoforward.TheSecondCircuitfoundthatCommercialwasdirectlyinjuredbyColins # unlawfulhiringscheme.+|  #  31      ׀Ifsuccessfulonremand,CommercialCleaningcouldrecoverdamages $ ofthreetimesitsactuallossesunderRICOscivilremedyprovision,inadditiontohaving $ stoppedtheallegedunlawfulactivity.Thedecisionmayhaveanimpactbeyondacompetitors % useofillegalaliens.RICOappliestoanypartythathasmaintainedanenterpriseandcaused &  injurythroughapatternofracketeeringactivity.Apatternofracketeeringcaninvolverepeated 'l! violationofalonglistoffederallaws,includingmailandwirefraud.Asaresult,the E  CommercialCleaningdecisionmayprovideadditionalgroundsforcivilandcriminalliability.0  #  32       1   @ C.  @` TheIssueofContractors:EmployersRICOBasedLiabilityforIts @  @  @` ContractorsFailure   toComplywithImmigrationLaw,Mendozav.Zirkle @  @` FruitCompanyCase     @ Untilnow,theSecondCircuitwastheonlyappellatecourttohaveconsideredallegationsof  illegalimmigranthiringasapredicateoffenseforstandingtosueunderRICO.InJuneof2002, t aspartofaCLEpresentationfortheKansasCityMetropolitanBarAssociation,Ipredictedthat ` CommercialCleaningwasatickingbomb,andthatwewouldhearaboutthiscasesoon.The L  Mendozav.ZirkleFruitCo.decisionwasreleasedforpublicationonSeptember3,2002.HT  #  33      ׀In }8  thatcase,theNinthCircuit,citingCommercialCleaning,predictablyheldthatallegationsof i$  illegalimmigranthiringmayserveasapredicateoffenseforaRICOclaim,underasetoffacts U  thatmustserveasawakeupcalltoallemployers. A   @ WashingtonStatesapplegrowingindustrygeneratesover$1billionayear.Therearemore   than30,000orchardpickersand15,000fruitpackerswhoworkintheappleorchardseveryyear.  TheImmigrationandNaturalizationServiceconductedinvestigationsfindingthatasmuchas  halfthegrowersworkforceisemployedillegally.G  #  34      ׀TheMendozav.ZirkleFruitCo.complaint  allegedthatfruitgrowers,ZirkleFruitCompanyandMatsonFruitCompany,hadknowledgeof  illegalharboringand/orsmugglingofundocumentedworkers.Accordingtothecomplaint,the p illegalschemewasfacilitatedbySelectiveEmploymentAgency,Inc.,aseparatecompanythat \ employedtheillegalworkers.ItisimportanttonotethattheU.S.workersdidnotsuethe H employmentagency,butwentdirectlyaftertheirownemployers.Thecourtheldthatknowledge y4 ofillegalemploymentalonewassufficienttoallegethepredicateactofknowinglyhiring e  undocumentedworkers,asrequiredtostateaclaimunderRICO.Thispointcannotbe Q  emphasizedenough:acompanymaybefoundliablenotonlyforhiringorcontinuingtoemploy =! unauthorizedworkers,butunderMendoza,maybefoundliableifthecompanyknowinglyuses )" somebodyelsesunauthorizedworkers. #  $  @ NoteonwhethertheprivateuseofRICOtosuebusinessesforallegedviolationsofimmigration E  lawwillstand:onFebruary4,2004,theCourtofAppealsfortheSeventhCircuitinBakerv. 1  IBPD  #  35      ׀heldthataRICOclaimwillnotbeallowedwhereplaintiffU.S.legalworkersallegedthat   thecompanyshouldpaythemtrebledamagesunderRICO.Plaintiffsinthatcaseallegedthat   theirwagesweredepressedbecausetheiremployerhiredundocumentedworkers.#h  #  36      ׀    @ D.0 @`  FurtherUseofRICORecentCaseLaw    @ OnApril12,2004,theU.S.DistrictCourtfortheNorthernDistrictofGeogiahandeddownits d decisiononamotiontodismissaRICObasedclassactioninWilliamsv.MahawkIndustries.)  #  37      ׀ P  BasedonallegationsbycurrentandformeremployeesofMahawkIndustriesthatthecompany <  knowinglyhiredillegalworkersandviolatedfederalandstateRICOlaws,thecourtfollowedthe m(  CommercialCleaningandMendozacasesdiscussedaboveandallowedyetanotherclassaction Y  ofthiskindtogoforward,despiteapositiverulingintheIPBcase,whichcamedownjusta E  monthearlier. 1   @  @ E.  @` NoteonEmployment/LaborRightsandUnfairImmigrationRelated    @  @` EmploymentPractices    @ Thelawinthisareaisrapidlychanging,mostlytowardlimitingunauthorizedaliens  employment/laborrightspreviouslyavailabletothemunderfederallaw.SeeHoffmanPlastics, x supra.However,thestatuteprohibitingimmigrationrelateddiscriminatoryemployment d practices,   #  38      ׀whichprotectscitizensandnationalsoftheUnitedStates,legalpermanentresidents, P andrefugeesandasylees,;  #  39      ׀isstillapowerfultoolinthehandsofaggrievedemployeesandjob < applicantswhoareauthorizedtoworkintheUnitedStates.Thestatuteprohibitsdiscrimination m( againstanemployeebecauseofnationaloriginorcitizenshipinhiring,recruitment,referralor E  discharge.ThosewhofilechargesorassertrightsundertheActaregivenprotectionfrom 1  intimidation.TheActalsocovers documentabusewheretheemployerinseekingtocomply   withI9requirements,asksformoreordifferentdocumentsthanrequired,orrefusestoaccept   documentswhichappeargenuineontheirface.  #  40      ׀   III.0 @  SocialSecurityMismatchLetters ConstructiveKnowledge?   e @ Istheemployeron constructivenoticeifamismatchletterarrivesfromtheSocialSecurity d Administration?Iftheemployerchoosestodonothingabouttheletter, constructive P  knowledgemaybeimplied,whichmayleadtocivilandcriminalliabilitydescribedabove. <  Obviously,theemployermustdosomethingabouteachmismatchletteritreceives.Maythe m(  employerpresumeuponreceivingtheSSNmismatchletterthattheworkerisnotauthorizedto Y  workintheUnitedStates?Absolutelynot.However,theemployermustactonitinorderto E  avoidthe constructivenoticesituation.Theemployersactionshouldbereasonable,suchas 1  lettingtheemployeeinquestionknowthattheremaybeanerrorintheSocialSecurity   Administrationsrecordsandallowingsufficienttimefortheworkertocontacttheagencyto   correctthemistake.IftheworkerbringsbackinformationordocumentswhichappeartosatisfyI  9documentrequirements,theI9needstobeproperlyupdatedwithnewinformationandsigned  andinitialedbytheworkerandtheemployersrepresentative.Eachcompanyshouldhaveonfile  proceduresonhowtohandlemismatchlettersbearinginmindbothcompliancewithimmigration t lawandprohibitiontodiscriminatebasedonethnicityornationalorigin.Often,itistheSSN ` mismatchlettersthatcausebusinessestocreateandimplementtheirimmigrationcompliance L plans. }8 IV.0 @  TaxReportingMismatchLetters ConstructiveKnowledge?  U   @ IfabusinessreceivesamismatchletterfromtheInternalRevenueService(IRS),theINSimposed 1" penaltyisrelativelyminimalHowever,themismatchletters,ifnotactedupon,mayserveas # evidencethatthecompanyison constructivenoticeofpossibleviolationsoftheimmigration  $ law,therebytriggeringcivilandcriminalimmigrationbasedliability. $  % ЇV.0 @  Solutions:CompanyImmigrationCompliancePlans  1   @ Ifabusinesswantstoprotectitselffromimmigrationbasedliability,itmusthavea   comprehensiveimmigrationlawcomplianceplan.Dependingonthespecificissuesfacingthe   company,suchaplanshouldincorporateaminimumoffourelements:    @  @` A.0 @ AFourPartImmigrationCompliancePlanExample x  @  @`  @ 1. @ RecurrentI9Audits P   @ WeusuallybeginwitharepresentativesampleofrandomlyselectedI9s.TheI9audithelps m(  addressseveralissues: Y   @  @`  @  @ a.0 @h PenaltiesforPaperworkViolations 1   @  @`  @ IfI9paperworkviolationsarefound,100%ofsuchviolationsmaybeaddressedthrough   appropriatelyrecordedcorrectionsorexecutionofnewI9s.Thisaddressestheissueofthe  companysexposuretopenaltiesofupto$1,100perI9Form;   @  @`  @  @ b.0 @h CivilandCriminalLiability t  @  @`  @ TheI9auditalsoshowswhetherthecompanyfollowsappropriateprocedurestorecordwhether L itsworkersareinfactauthorizedtoworkintheU.S.ThepurposeofI9auditsgoestotheheart }8 ofprotectingthebusinessfromcivilandcriminalliabilityunderIRCAandRICO.Inaddition, i$ themerefactthattheI9audittargetedatimmigrationlawcompliancetakesplace,issignificantif U  thecompanyisattackedforallegedimmigrationlawviolationsasproofofitsgoodfaitheffortto A! complywithimmigrationlaw.Timing(beforeandnotafterthecompanyisattacked)andthe -" recurrentnatureoftheI9auditsmakesthemsuccessfulriskmanagementtools. #  @  @`  @  @ c.0 @h DiscriminationConcerns $  @  @` Initsurgetocomplywithimmigrationlaw,acompanybeginsanI9audit.Thecompanyappears &  toaskformoredocumentsandkeepscopiesofdocumentspresentedonlyforemployeeswith 'p! certainnames,e.g.Hispanicsoundingones.Employmentdiscriminationissue?Yesand (\" anotherobviousbenefitofanI9audit,makingsureI9policiesareapplieduniformlytoall )H # employees,inordertoreduceliabilitybasedonethnicandnationalorigindiscrimination. y*4!$  e+ "% Ї @  @  @` 2.0 @ Executive,ManagementandHRImmigrationLawTraining 1   @  @`  @ a.0 @ HowtofillandupdateI9s󀀀    @  @`  @ The rocketscienceoffilling,updating,andkeepingI9sshouldbethesubjectof,atleast,   annualtrainingsessionsinvolvingeveryonewithinthecompanywhosignsthemonbehalfofthe  company,aswellasthosewhomaybeultimatelyresponsibleifpaperworkorsubstantive t violationsoccur,i.e.executivesandmanagement.Thebesttimingforsuchtrainingisrightafter ` anI9audit. L   @  @`  @ b.0 @ Trainingre.WhoisAuthorizedtoWorkintheUnitedStates i$     @  @`  @  @` Undercurrentpolicy(whichmaychangetomorrow,thatiswhyrecurrenttrainingofthecompany A  personnelonthisissueisimportant),thefollowingcategoriesofworkersareauthorizedtobe -  employedintheUnitedStates:UScitizensandlegalpermanentresidents( greencardholders)   areauthorizedtoworkintheUnitedStatesautomatically.Allotherworkersmusteitherhavean  employmentauthorizationdocument(EAD)ormustbeinavalidnonimmigrantstatusauthorizing  theirwork.SeveraltypesofaliensareeligibletoapplyforanEAD,includingapplicantsfor  adjustmentofstatus,.  #  41      ׀collegegraduatesworkingunderoptionalpracticaltraining,applicantsfor  asylum,asylees,thoseeligibleforTemporaryProtectedStatus,applicantsforwithholdingof p deportation,fianc(e)sofU.S.citizens,spousesofL1s,Es,andA1s.Employmentauthorization \ issuedtoapplicantsinthesecategoriesmaybeusedforemploymentwithoutrestriction.A H separateworkauthorizationisnotneededforthefollowingvisaholders:A3,E1,E2,G5,H1, y4 H2,H3(trainingonly),I,J1,L1,O1,O2,P1,P2,P3,R,TNs.Holdersofthesevisasare e  authorizedtoworkuntilthedateofexpirationoftheirI94andinsomecases,evenaftertheI94 Q  expirationaslongasapplicationtoextendthesameworkstatusispending.Inmostcases,they =! areauthorizedtoworkonlyfortheemployerwhofiledtheirnonimmigrantvisapetition./T  #  42      ׀If )" O e   theapplicationtoextendstatusisfiledinatimelyfashion,andisrequestedinordertoworkfor  thesameemployer,theemployeespermissiontoworkisextendedforatleast240days.-  #  43      ׀    @ EmploymentauthorizationeligibilityissubjecttoconstanttinkeringbyCongressandtheUSCIS.   Whileitisdifficulttokeepupwithallthechanges,itisimportanttounderstandthelawinorder   toavoidliabilityunderRICOandIRCA,whileatthesameensuringthatantidiscriminationlaws   arenotviolated.   nt  @  @`  @ c.0 @ Trainingre.HowtoUseExistingVisastoAddressLaborShortages Z`  @ CompaniesshouldbeawareofexistingtemporaryworkvisassuchasH1B,H2B,H2A,L1and 28  employmentbasedgreencards.Whilethesecategoriesarerestrictive,withenoughplanningthey $  canaddresslaborshortagesincertainfields,andexecutives,managementandHRprofessionals    shoulddotheirbesttouseexistinglegaloptionsfortheemploymentofforeignworkers.Inmany   cases,notemporaryworkvisacategoryisavailable,andtheemployersonlyoptionistosponsor   agreencardforanintendedworker,whichmanyemployersarereluctanttodowithoutfirst   havingtheworkerdemonstratewhetherheorsheisqualifiedandagoodfitforthecompany.  PresidentBushsguestworkerprogramwasunveiledonJanuary7,2004,ifitbecomeslaw,it  mayprovideasolutiontothisandmanyotherimmigrationrelatedproblemsforemployersand  foreignworkers. ~  @  @ TrainingofHRpersonnelandotherexecutivesandmanagementisessentialinoneotherrespect. V\ IknowofacompanywhichwouldnothireanyonewhoisnotaU.S.citizenorapermanent BH resident( greencardholder).Thatis,itdoesnotmindhavingworkvisaholdersworkontheir .4 premisesaslongasthecompanydoesnothavetodealwithsponsoringtheirvisasorgreencards.   Thatsoundslikeagoodsolution,right?Well,thatcertainlymakesthelivesofHRprofessionals   atthatcompanysomewhateasier,butitalsotranslatesintothecompanyunnecessarilywasting   money.Thecompanyhasapproximately300computerprogrammerswhoareemployedby ! contractors.MostofthemareinH1Bprofessionalworkstatus.Thecompanypaysthe " contractoremployer$65.00perbillablehourforthosecontractors.Theprevailingwageforsuch # workersisapproximately$35.00perhour.IfthecompanyhiredtheseworkersdirectlyinH1B $ status,itwouldhavesaved $18,720,000.00 S|XXS|Ԁperyear#XCX*##XXXXCI#.󀀀Thecompanysays, Wedonotwanttoget % involvedinsponsoringH1Bs,butwewillhiretheseworkersassoonastheygettheirgreencards z&  sponsoredbyourcontractor,theiremployer.Thecompanyisunawareofarecentlawwhich f'l! allowsworkerstoswitchtoanewemployerwithinsixmonthsoffilingfortheirgreencard,under R(X" certainconditions.Hadthecompanysimmigrationcomplianceplanincludedannualtrainingon >)D # suchissues,thecompanycouldhavetransferredtheworkersontheirpayrollwithanUSCISwork  authorizationcardmuchsooner.Butbecausethey donothaveanyimmigrationproblemsand   theyfeelthattheydonotneedalawyeradvisingthemonimmigrationissues,theycontinueto   contractforthethreehundredH1Bworkers,forthesixyearstatutorilyallowableperiodoftheir   visas.Losses?Theyhavelost $112,320,000 (OneHundredTwelveMillionThreeHundred   TwentyThousandU.S.Dollars)overthepastsixyearsduetolackonknowledgeofhowthenon   immigrantvisaswork.   @  @`  @ d.0 @ Trainingre.ImmigrationComplianceinMergers&Acquisitions  Z`  @ Letuslookatasimplebusinessreorganizationcase.Letusimaginethattwocompaniesagreeto 28  merge.Allappropriateexecutivesandtheirmergersandacquisitionlawyersarebusyworkingon $  thisexcitingdeal,thoseresponsibleforduediligencearecheckingonwhetherthereareany     looseendsintermsofprofessionalvisacomplianceoranyunauthorizedemployment,andthey   arehappywithwhattheyfindallworkersareauthorizedtobeemployed,includingall240H1B   professionals(computerprogrammers,engineersandothersemployedinH1Bstatus).I9slook   perfectbecausethecompanysimmigrationlawyers,inaccordancewithitsbusinesscompliance  plan,conductedanI9auditrecently.EvenH1Bpublicaccessfilesareappropriately  maintained,withallappropriatepublicaccessinformationcollectedandavailableforpublic  review.Thedealissigned,andthentheHRmanagercasuallymentionsthemergertoan ~ immigrationlawyerwhorepresentsthecompanywithrespecttoanH1Bvisathecompanywants jp torenewforoneofitsemployees.TheimmigrationlawyercongratulatestheHRmanagerand V\ asks, HowmanyH1Bsarecomingwiththemergingcompany? About240,answerstheHR BH manager. Well,saystheimmigrationlawyer, Ihopethatthecompanyspublicaccessfilenow .4 containsaswornstatementbyaresponsibleofficialofthenewemployingentitystatingthatit   acceptsallobligations,liabilities,andundertakingsundertheLCAsfiledbythepredecessor   employingentity,togetherwithalistofeachaffectedLCAanditsdateofcertification,a   descriptionoftheactualwagesystem,andtheemploymentidentificationnumberofthenew ! employingentity. And,saystheimmigrationattorney, Ihopethattheswornstatementwas " placedinthecompanyspublicaccessfilebeforethemergertookplace.  #  44      ׀ Huh?saystheHR # manager. No,nobodytoldmethatthisshouldhavebeendone.Why? Because,saysthe  immigrationlawyer, ifthiswasnotproperlydonebeforethemergertookplace,thecompany   mayhavetofilenewH1Bpetitionsforallits240professionalforeignworkers.Oh,bytheway,   becausethiswasnotdone,theyareprobablyallcurrentlyoutofstatusand,consequently,   employedillegally.Forallpracticalpurposes,thismeans,thecompanywillhavetocut240   checksfortheINSfilingfeesof$1,130each,andwillhavetobeartheadditionallegalexpense   fortheimmigrationattorneysworkon240newH1Bpetitions.Thecompanycouldeasilyend  upspending$500,000tofixwhatcouldhavebeenaddressedinaonehourconsultationwitha nt knowledgeableimmigrationlawyerbeforethemergerwentthrough.Ifspendingabout$500,000 Z` willbeallitwilltake,youwillbelucky,saystheimmigrationattorney. Because,whatifthe FL  INSdecidestogoaheadandenforceitscurrentzerotolerancepolicyinourcase,anddenyallthe 28  extensionsduetothefactthatallourH1Bemployeesareoutofstatus.Inthatcase,allyourH $  1Bworkerswillhavetostopworkingandtakeatriptotheirrespectivecountriestoapplyfor    visasatU.S.Consulatesabroad.Insomecases,theconsulateswillrefusetheirnewvisas   because,dependingonhowlongagothemerger,whichtriggeredtheunlawfulemployment,   happened,athreeortenyearbarmayapplytotheworkers.    @ 3.0 @` A TicklerSystem   @ Athirdelementofeveryimmigrationcomplianceplanisa ticklersystem.Rememberthat ~ liabilityforimmigrationlawviolationsmayarisenotonlyfornewemployment,butforfailureto jp reverifyemploymenteligibilitywhenemploymentauthorizationexpires.A ticklersystem V\ remindingHRpersonneltoreverifyemploymenteligibilityandrecordthesameontheworkers BH I9isasimportantastheinitialefforttoproperlyexecuteandmaintainI9s,andtoprotectthe .4 companyfromimmigrationbasedliability.    @ 4. @` RevisionofAgreementswithContractors    @ FacedwithCommercialCleaningorMendozalikepotentialliabilityforcontractorsfailureto " complywithimmigrationlawbusinessesarestronglyadvisedtorevisetheircontractstoaddress # suchliability.Itisprudenttoincludelanguageincontractoragreementswherethecontractor $ certifiesthatallitsworkersareauthorizedtoworkintheUnitedStates,thatthecontractorhasan  immigrationcomplianceprogram,andthatifitfailstocomplywithimmigrationlaw,itwill   indemnifyitsclientforlossescausedbysuchfailure.    @ VI. @ Conclusion  @     @ Immigrationlawmaybeathreatfortheunwaryorausefulbusinesstoolfortheenlightened.As  longasitremainsterraincognitaforemployers,itwillcontinuetoloomovertheirheads, nt unexpectedlywreakinghavocintheformofcivildamages,sanctionsandcriminalindictments. Z` Thebottomlineisthattheostrichapproachwillnotwork.Businessesarewelladvisedtoeither FL  educatethemselvesinallintricaciesofbusinessimmigrationlaworseeklegaladviceregarding 28  vigorousimmigrationlawcomplianceprogramsandaskCongresstochangeourimmigration $  lawtoreflecttheeconomicneedsofthiscountry.